25 FACTS ABOUT BLACK HOLES

Much like a black body in thermodynamics, a black hole is a region of space that pulls everything in but prevents anything from escaping, even light. The reason it is called a “black” hole is because it sucks up all the light that hits its border and reflects nothing. Formed when an amply compact mass deforms space and time, a black hole has a defined surface known as the “event horizon” which marks the point of no return. Little is known about black holes, but several scientists in history have developed their own theories about their properties and structures.

BLACK HOLES AFFECT TIME

Just as a clock runs a bit slower closer to sea level than up on a space station, clocks run really slow near black holes. It all has to do with gravity.

THEY CAN BE INFINITELY BIG

There are a few theories that state they can be infinitely big. While not all scientists agree, there are several who believe that they can be infinitely big. 

THE NEAREST BLACK HOLE TO EARTH IS 1,600 MILES AWAY

Our galaxy is covered in black holes, but the one most likely to destroy our measly planet is still well beyond our solar system’s borders.

STAY AWAY FROM THE EVENT HORIZON

The “Event Horizon” as it is called in physics, is the border of the black of hole. It’s the point of no return. Before that point, you can still escape. After that point…not a chance.

THERE IS A MASSIVE BLACK HOLE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MILKY WAY

It’s 30,000 light years away and is over 30 million times as massive as our sun.

BLACK HOLES EVENTUALLY EVAPORATE

While common knowledge states that nothing can escape a black hole, at least one thing does…radiation. According to some scientists, as the black holes emit radiation, they lose mass. This process has the potential to eventually kill the black hole.

BLACK HOLES ARE NOT INFINITELY SMALL

At some point, the collapsing core of a black hole becomes even smaller than an atom or an electron. It eventually reaches its Planck Length, a quantum size limit that makes it barely measurable.

BLACK HOLES ARE NOT FUNNEL SHAPED; THEY ARE SPEHERE SHAPED

In most textbooks, you will probably see black holes that look like funnels. This is because they are being illustrated from the perspective of gravity wells. In reality, they are more like spheres.

BLACK HOLES SPIN

When the core of a star collapses, the star rotates faster and becomes smaller. When it reaches the point where it does not have enough mass to become a black hole, it gets squeezed together to form a neutron star and continues to spin rapidly. Same applies to black holes. Even when the black hole shrinks down to Planck length, it continues to spin rapidly.

THINGS GET WEIRD WHEN YOU GET NEAR A BLACK HOLE

Black holes have the capacity to distort space itself, and as they continue to spin, that distortion gets just as distorted. It’s an infinite regression of distortions.

GETTING NEAR A BLACK HOLE CAN KILL YOU IN HORRIBLE WAYS

Although it seems obvious that a black hole is incompatible with life, most people think they would just get crushed. This isn’t necessarily the case. Whatever part of your body reached the event horizon first would experience significantly more gravity, stretching your body until you die. 

BLACK HOLES ARE NOT ALWAYS BLACK

Although they are known for their blackness, as we said earlier, they actually do emit electromagnetic radiation.

BLACK HOLES ARENT ONLY DESTRUCTIVE

Of course, in most circumstances, they probably would be, but there have been numerous theories, studies, and suggestions put forth that black holes can actually be harnessed for things like power and space travel.

BLACK HOLES CAN GET REALLY BIG

Although we just talked about how small they are, black holes expand as they collide with other black holes, allowing their size to increase with every collision.

THERE ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF BLACK HOLES

Modern astronomers have shown that black holes actually come in different variations. There are spinning black holes, electrical black holes, and spinning electrical black holes. The type of black hole depends on the amount of energy it puts out when it distorts space.

IT WAS NOT ALBERT EINSTEIN THAT DISCOVERED BLACK HOLES

Albert Einstein revived the theory of black holes in 1916. Long before that, in 1783, a scientist named John Mitchell actually developed the theory after he wondered whether a gravitational force could be so strong that even light particles couldn’t escape it.

BLACK HOLES CAN BE VERY DENSE

To have enough gravity to pull even light into itself, a black hole has to contain an incredible amount of mass in an extremely small space. This means that black holes must have a mass of about 10 to 30 billion times the mass of the Sun.

BLACK HOLES ARE NOISY

Although the vacuum of space doesn’t really allow for sound waves, if you listened with special instruments, you would hear a static-like sound. When a black hole pulls something in, its event horizon supercharges the speed of particles close to the speed of light which produces the “sound.”

NOTHING CAN ESCAPE THE PULL OF A BLACK HOLE

Okay, that sounds obvious by this point, but we would like to introduce the caveat – unless it can move faster than the speed of light.

BLACK HOLES MIGHT MAKE ELEMENTS THAT CREATE LIFE

Researchers say that black holes create elements as they break down matter into subatomic particles. These particles have the ability to create elements heavier than helium, such as iron and carbon, as well as many others that are essential to the formation of life.

BLACK HOLES ALSO EJECT MATTER INTO SPACE

Black holes are best known for sucking up everything that gets near their event horizons. Once a mass gets into a black hole, it gets squashed so hard that its individual components become compressed and eventually break down into subatomic particles. Some scientists theorize that the matter is then ejected in a phenomenon known as a white hole.

ANY MATTER CAN BECOME A BLACK HOLE

Technically speaking, stars aren’t the only things that can become black holes. If your car keys were shrunk down to an infinitesimally small point and still retained all of their mass, their density would reach astronomical levels which would make the force of their gravity ridiculously strong.

THE LAWS OF PHYSICS BREAKDOWN AT THE CENTRE OF A BLACK HOLE

According to theories, matter within a black hole is crushed to infinite density, and space and time cease to exist. When this happens, the laws of physics break down because it is not really humanly possible to conceive of anything with zero volume and infinite density.

THERE IS NO TUNNEL AT THE CENTRE OF A BLACK HOLE

As we said earlier, contrary to the popular belief that there is a tunnel in the middle of every black hole, all that exists at the center of a black hole is a massive amount of matter compressed infinitely.

BLACK HOLES DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF STARS

According to some scientists, the number of stars in the universe is limited by the number of black holes. This is due to the way they affect gas clouds and element formation within the parts of the universe known to produce new stars.

Demystifying Quantum Mechanics: A Layman’s Guide to the Weird World of Subatomic Physics

Quantum mechanics, despite its complexity, is a fascinating branch of physics that governs the behavior of particles at the smallest scales. While often considered perplexing and esoteric, understanding its basic principles can shed light on the fundamental nature of reality. In this article, we’ll embark on a journey into the realm of quantum mechanics, demystifying its key concepts for the layman.

What is Quantum Mechanics?

At its core, quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. Unlike classical physics, which deals with macroscopic objects, quantum mechanics delves into the realm of the incredibly tiny, where particles exhibit behaviors that defy our everyday intuition.

Key Concepts of Quantum Mechanics:

Wave-Particle Duality: One of the most perplexing aspects of quantum mechanics is the wave-particle duality. According to this principle, particles such as electrons and photons exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior. This means that they can behave as discrete packets of energy (particles) and spread out like waves, depending on the experimental setup.

Quantum Superposition: Quantum superposition is another fundamental concept, stating that particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously until they are measured or observed. This phenomenon is exemplified by Schrödinger’s famous thought experiment involving a cat that is both alive and dead until observed.

Uncertainty Principle: Proposed by Werner Heisenberg, the uncertainty principle asserts that it is impossible to precisely measure both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously. This inherent uncertainty arises from the wave-like nature of particles and fundamentally limits our ability to predict their behavior with absolute certainty.

Applications of Quantum Mechanics:

While the concepts of quantum mechanics may seem abstract, they have numerous practical applications in modern technology. Quantum mechanics underpins the fields of quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation, promising revolutionary advances in computing power, data security, and communication.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, quantum mechanics offers a fascinating glimpse into the strange and counterintuitive world of the microscopic universe. While its concepts may challenge our classical understanding of reality, they also open the door to groundbreaking technological innovations and a deeper appreciation for the underlying fabric of the cosmos. By demystifying the basic principles of quantum mechanics, we can embark on a journey of exploration and discovery, unraveling the mysteries of the quantum realm one wave function at a time.